Floaters and flashes are visual disturbances that can affect a person's vision. Floaters are small, shadowy shapes or spots that appear to drift through the field of vision. They are often described as specks, threads, or cobwebs. Flashes, on the other hand, are brief bursts of light that appear in the peripheral vision. Both symptoms can be alarming, especially if they occur suddenly or increase in frequency. The causes of floaters and flashes are generally related to changes in the vitreous humor, the gel-like substance that fills the eye. Floaters are commonly caused by age-related changes in the vitreous humor, where the gel begins to shrink and form clumps or strands that cast shadows on the retina. This is a normal part of aging and is often benign. However, floaters can also be a sign of more serious conditions, such as retinal tears or detachment, especially if accompanied by flashes of light. Flashes are typically caused by the vitreous humor pulling or tugging on the retina, which can occur as it detaches or becomes less gel-like with age. Other potential causes of flashes include retinal tears or conditions like migraine with aura.
Treatment for floaters and flashes depends on their underlying cause. In many cases, especially if they are related to aging, treatment may not be necessary as they are generally harmless. However, if floaters or flashes are accompanied by sudden vision loss, a significant increase in the number of floaters or flashes, or a shadow or curtain over part of the vision, it is crucial to seek immediate medical attention. These symptoms may indicate a retinal tear or detachment, which requires prompt treatment, potentially including laser therapy or surgery to prevent permanent vision loss. Regular eye examinations can help monitor these symptoms and address any underlying issues.
